Deep Inception-based Siamese Network for Active User Detection in Grant-free NOMA System

Recent years have seen a rapid growth and development in the field of wireless communication networks. Specifically, the grant-free access and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in connection with deep learning algorithms. Which facilitate massive machine-type communication devices and improve performance in terms of active user detection (AUD). The detection procedure in the grant-free NOMA systems is difficult due to the signal being received is superimposed. Existing studies focused on deep learning methods to increase the detection performance. However, the models show limitations over the computational complexity. Integration of LSTM and GRUs can only handle temporal modeling not the spatial correlations. The aim of this paper is to add inception modules with Siamese network. The proposed S-net goes wider instead of deeper which reduces computational complexity and increase detection performance Furthermore, parameter sharing characteristics of S-Net helps in generalizing the performance for large sparse matrices with varying SNR values. The comparative analysis show that the proposed S-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in an effective manner

Some Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Mean Operators and Entropy with Applications in a Corporation to Choose an Area Supervisor

In this paper, we combined entropy with linguisti neutrosophic cubic numbers and used it in daily life problems related to a corporation that is going to choose an area supervisor, which is the main target of our proposed model

Utilization of Marble Wastes in Clay Bricks: A Step towards Lightweight Energy Efficient Construction Materials

Marble dust is one of the hazardous byproducts of marble-processing factories and requires planned disposal. Its beneficial use as a construction material will add to the sustainability, and most importantly, might overcome the burden of marble waste disposal. However, the use of marble dust in concrete has a negative impact. Therefore, this research examines various properties related to the utilization of such material in ceramic clay, and therefore its effects on the use of clay bricks are investigated. The research activity covers the categorization of marble dust powder from three different sources: Ziarat in Mohmand Agency, Buneer, and Mullagori (Pakistan). Its utilization in different proportions preparation of bricks is also addressed. Through the partial replacement of clay with marble dust from 0 to 30% by weight with amplification of 5%, seven mix designs are examined. The test result includes Bulk density, water absorption, porosity, thermal insulation, and strength. The partial replacement of clay with marble dust reduced its weight, strength and increased its porosity, water absorption, and thermal insulation. Furthermore, the utilization of marble powder in bricks minimizes soil erosion and reduces pollution to the environment. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091738 Full Text: PD

Metasurface-based wideband MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter-wave systems

This paper presents a metasurface based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with a wideband operation for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems. The antenna system consists of four elements placed with a 90 degree shift in order to achieve a compact MIMO system while a 2× 2 non-uniform metasurface (total four elements) is placed at the back of the MIMO configuration to improve the radiation characteristics of it. The overall size of the MIMO antenna is 24× 24 mm2 while the operational bandwidth of the proposed antenna system ranges from 23.5-29.4 GHz. The peak gain achieved by the proposed MIMO antenna is almost 7dB which is further improved up to 10.44 dB by employing a 2× 2 metasurface. The total efficiency is also observed more than 80% across the operating band. Apart from this, the MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) are analyzed which demonstrate good characteristics. All the simulations of the proposed design are carried out in computer simulation technology (CST) software, and measured results reveal good agreement with the simulated one which make it a potential contender for the upcoming 5G communication systems.This work was supported in part by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No 801538, and in part by the the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE) under Grant RTI2018-095499-B-C31

Industrial optimization using three-factor Cobb-Douglas production function of non-linear programming with application

This paper is about the effectiveness of the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function in industrial optimization, estimating the number of factors used in the production process of the water industry, for instance, capital and human labor. Moreover, we have modeled a nonlinear optimization problem for a local water industry using two and three factors of production. For this purpose, we have taken into account the Cobb-Douglas production function with different production factors using the Lagrange multiplier method with the ordinary least squares method. In the course of the solution, a linear function is used to calculate the cost function, and the C-D production function is used to calculate the production function. The Lagrange multiplier method with the ordinary least squares method is then used to solve the constrained optimization problem for the product of production. Furthermore, we compared the outcomes from both examples of two- and three-factor C-D production functions in order to validate the Lagrange multiplier method for the C-D production function. Moreover, the three-factor C-D production function is solved by the Lagrange multiplier method with the ordinary least squares method, which provides optimal results as compared to previous studies in literature. The validity of the proposed methodology is explained by using the products of a local production industry in Pakistan

Design of high gain base station antenna array for mm-wave cellular communication systems

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems require high gain antennas to overcome path loss effects and thereby enhance system coverage. This paper presents the design and analysis of an antenna array for high gain performance of future mm-wave 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on planar microstrip technology and fabricated on 0.254 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers-5880) having a relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009. The single radiating element used to construct the antenna array is a microstrip patch that has a configuration resembling a two-pronged fork. The single radiator has a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. To achieve the gain required by 5G base stations, a 64-element array antenna design is proposed which has a bore side gain of 21.2 dBi at 37.2 GHz. The 8 × 8, 8 × 16, and 8 × 32 antenna array designs described here were simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio, which is a 3D full-wave electromagnetic solver. The overall characteristics of the array in terms of reflection-coefficient and radiation patterns makes the proposed design suitable for mm-Wave 5G and other communication systems.Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. In addition, this work was partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR. The authors also sincerely appreciate funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R58), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Phytoconstituents from Vernonia glaberrima Welw. Ex O. Hoffm. leaves and their cytotoxic activities on a panel of human cancer cell lines

Vernonia glaberrima is a medicinal plant that is used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of skin cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of V. glaberrima leaves and isolate its bioactive constituents. Crude methanolic leaves extract of V. glaberrima showing significant cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines was subjected to chromatographic separation, purification and hydrolysis to yield four compounds namely, nonacosanoic acid, lupeol, 5-methylcoumarin-4-β-glucoside and 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin. Three of the isolated compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity against human malignant melanoma (A375) cell line (IC50: 59.18 ± 2.70 to 139.53 ± 10.79 μg/mL) and human caucasian colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line (IC50: 4.22 ± 0.13 to 20.0 ± 1.91 μg/mL) while only lupeol displayed significant activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) (IC50: 34.15 ± 2.32 μg/mL) cell line. CDK2 receptor and CAIX were identified through molecular docking as potential targets for the bioactive compounds. The findings of this study have revealed the therapeutic potential of V. glaberrima against breast cancer, skin cancer and colorectal carcinoma, respectively and further support its traditional uses in the treatment of skin cancer. Keywords: Vernonia glaberrima; Anticancer activity; 5-Methylcoumarin-4-β-glucoside; Molecular docking; Carbonic anhydrase I

Design of high gain base station antenna array for mm-wave cellular communication systems

Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) wireless communication systems require high gain antennas to overcome path loss effects and thereby enhance system coverage. This paper presents the design and analysis of an antenna array for high gain performance of future mm-wave 5G communication systems. The proposed antenna is based on planar microstrip technology and fabricated on 0.254 mm thick dielectric substrate (Rogers-5880) having a relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009. The single radiating element used to construct the antenna array is a microstrip patch that has a configuration resembling a two-pronged fork. The single radiator has a realized gain of 7.6 dBi. To achieve the gain required by 5G base stations, a 64-element array antenna design is proposed which has a bore side gain of 21.2 dBi at 37.2 GHz. The 8 × 8, 8 × 16, and 8 × 32 antenna array designs described here were simulated and optimized using CST Microwave Studio, which is a 3D full-wave electromagnetic solver. The overall characteristics of the array in terms of reflection-coefficient and radiation patterns makes the proposed design suitable for mm-Wave 5G and other communication systems

High Y-chromosomal differentiation among ethnic groups of Dir and Swat districts, Pakistan

The ethnic groups that inhabit the mountainous Dir and Swat districts of northern Pakistan are marked by high levels of cultural and phenotypic diversity. To obtain knowledge of the extent of genetic diversity in this region, we investigated Y‐chromosomal diversity in five population samples representing the three main ethnic groups residing within these districts, including Gujars, Pashtuns and Kohistanis. A total of 27 Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y‐STRs) and 331 Y‐chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y‐SNPs) were investigated. In the Y‐STRs, we observed very high and significant levels of genetic differentiation in nine of the 10 pairwise between‐group comparisons (RST 0.179–0.746), and the differences were mirrored in the Y‐SNP haplogroup frequency distribution. No genetic differences were found between the two Pashtun subethnic groups Tarklanis and Yusafzais (RST = 0.000). Utmankhels, also considered Pashtuns culturally, were not closely related to any of the other population samples (RST 0.451–0.746). Thus, our findings provide examples of both associations and dissociations between cultural and genetic legacies. When analyzed within a larger continental‐scale context, these five ethnic groups fall mostly outside the previously characterized Y‐chromosomal gene pools of the Indo‐Pakistani subcontinent. Male founder effects, coupled with culturally and topographically based constraints upon marriage and movement, are likely responsible for the high degree of genetic structure in this region